Razlike u vremenu startne reakcije i postignutom rezultatu u sprinterskim disciplinama u finalu olimpijskih igara u Londonu

Volume 4, Issue 1 (2014)

Razlike u vremenu startne reakcije i postignutom rezultatu u sprinterskim disciplinama u finalu olimpijskih igara u Londonu
Ratko Pavlović, Kemal Idrizović, Mensur Vrcić, Miroljub Mosurović
Apstrakt: 
U sprinterskim disciplinama vrlo važno mjesto zauzimaju start i startno ubrzanje koje u velikoj mjeri generiše konačni rezultat. U zavisnosti od odgovarajućih individualnih morfoloških dimenzija, a naročito motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti takmičara mogućnost dobre realizacije ovih parametara je izvjesnija. Međutim, i pored vrhunskih rezultata koje ostvaruju, razlike u ova dva parametra su evidentne, što u pogledu na konačni rezultat ima određenog efekta. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrde razlike u vremenu startne reakcije i rezultata u sprinterskim disciplinama finalista Olimpijskih igara u Londonu 2012. godine. Analizirani su rezultati finalista (24 muška) i 24 (ženska) takmičara koji su nastupili u finalnim trkama na 100m, 200m i 400m. Evaluacija vremena startne reakcije (ms) i rezultata u sprintu (s) bazirala se na izvještajima koje je službeno objavila Međunarodna atletska federacija (IAAF). Rezultati analize T-testa su pokazali statistički značajne razlike u vremenu reakcije kod ženskih takmičara u disciplinama trčanja 100m i 400m (t= -3,220; p<0,01) kao i za discipline 200m i 400m (t=-2,550; p<0,01), za razliku od muških finalista gdje nisu zabilježene statistički značajne razlike. Takođe, u istim disciplinama između polova nisu zabilježene statistički značajne razlike, dok su evidentne u postignutim rezultatima u disciplinama 100m (t=-2,842; p<0,05), 200m (t=-11,526; p<0,01) i 400m (t=-27,019; p<0,01).
Ključne riječi: 
sprinterske discipline, Olimpijske igre, vrijeme startne reakcije, razlike
Puni tekst: 
PDF
DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/siz.v7i1.1466
Reference: 
  1. Baumann, W. (1980). Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the sprint start. In P.V. Komi (Ed.), Biomechanics V-B.International Series on Biomechanics, Vol.1B (34- 47). Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.
  2. Babić, V. (2008). Reaction time and sprint results in athletics. In M. Čoh (Ed.), Biomehanical diagnostic methods in athletic training (183-193). University of Ljubljana
  3. Babic, V., & Delalija, A. (2009). Reaction time trends in the women’s sprint and hurdle events at the 2004 Olympic Games. New Studies in Athletics, 24(1), 49-57.
  4. Babić, V, & Čoh, M. (2010). Karakteristike razvoja brzine i sprinterskog trčanja [Characteristics of development speed and sprint. In Croation] In I. Jukić et al. (Ed.), 8. godišnja međunarodna onferencija Kondicijska priprema sportaša (83-98). Sveučilište u Zagrebu & Udruga kondicijksih trenera Hrvatske.
  5. Bruggemann, G.P., & Glad, W. (1990). Biomechanical analyses of the jumping events; time analysis of the sprint and hurdle events: IAAF Scientif ic Research Project at the Games of XXXIV Olympiad-Seoul 1988: Final Report.Monaco: IAAF.
  6. Bračić, M., Peharec, S., Bačić, P, & Čoh, M. (2010). Biomehanička dijagnostika starta najboljih slovenskih sprintera [Biomechanical diagnostic challenge best Slovenian sprinter. In Croation]. In I. Jukić et al. (Ed.), 8. godišnja međunarodna onferencija Kondicijska priprema sportaša (177-183). Sveučilište u Zagrebu & Udruga kondicijskih trenera Hrvatske.
  7. Coppenolle, H., Delecluse, C., Goris, M., Diels, R, & Kraayenhof, H. (1990). An evaluation of the starting action of world class female sprinters. Track Technique, 90, 3581-3582.
  8. Collet, C. (2000). Strategic aspects of reaction time in world class sprinters. Track Coach, 152, 486.
  9. Čoh, M., Jošt, B., Škof, B., Tomažin, K. and Dolenec, A. (1998). Kinematic and kinetic parameters of the sprint start and start acceleration model of top sprinters. Gymnica 28, 33-42.
  10. Čoh, M. (2001). Biomehanics of athletics. Ljubljana: Fakultet za šport.
  11. Čoh, M., Tomažin, K. and Štuhec, S. (2006) The biomechanical model of the sprint start and block acceleration. Facta Universitatis- Series Physical Education and Sport 4, (2), 103-114.
  12. Čoh, M., Peharec, S., Bačić, P. (2007). The Sprint Start: Biomechanical Analysisi of Kinematic, Dynamic and Electromyographic Parameters. New Studies in Athletics, 22 (3), 29-38.
  13. Čoh, M., & Tomažin,K (2008). Biodynamic characteristics of female sprinters during the acceleration phase and maximum speed phase. In M. Čoh (Ed.), Biomehanical diagnostic methods in athletic training (125-133). University of Ljubljana.
  14. Doherty, K. (1985). Track and Field Omnibook, 4 Ed. Tafnews Press: Los Altos.
  15. Dick, W.F. (1987). Developing sprinting speed. Athletics Coach, 21(4), 4-5.
  16. Guissard, N., Duchateau, J, & Hainaut, K. (1992). EMG and mechanical changes during sprint start at different front block obliquites. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 24 (11), 1257-1263.
  17. Harland, M, & Steele, J. (1997). Biomehanics of the Sprint Start. Sports Medicine, 23 (1),11-20.
  18. Henson, P., Cooper, J., & Perry, T. (2002). A wider look at the sprint start. Track and Field Coaches Review, 75(4), 19-21.
  19. Helmick, K. (2003). Biomechanical analysis of sprint start positioning. Track Coach, 163, 5209-5214.
  20. Hunter, P. J., Marshall, N, R; McNair,J P (2005). Relationships Between Ground Reaction Force Impulse and Kinematics of Sprint-Running Acceleration. Journal of Applied Biomechanics,21, 31-43. Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.
  21. Komi, V.P., Ishikawa, M., & Jukka, S. (2009). IAAF Sprint Start Research Project: Is the 100ms limit still valid? New Studies in Athletics, 24(1), 37- 47.
  22. Locatelli, E., & Arsac, L. (1995). The mechanics and energetic of the 100m sprint. New Studies in Athletics, 10(1), 81-87.
  23. Lehmann, F, & Voss, G. (1997). Innovationen fur den Sprint und Sprung: ''ziehende'' Gestaltung der st tzphasen-Tiel 1. Leistungssport, 6:20-25.
  24. Martin, D, & Buonchristiani, J. (1995). I)nfluence of reaction time on athletics performance. New Studies in Athletics, 10 (1), 67-69.
  25. Moravec, P., Ruzicka, J., Susanka, P., Dostal, E., Kodejs, M., & Nozek, M. (1988). The 1987 International Athletic Foundation/IAAF Scientif ic Project Report: Time analysis of the 100 metres events at the II World Championships in Athletics. New Studies in Athletics, 3, 61-96.
  26. Meckel, Y. Atterbom,H., Grodjinovsky, A.,Ben- Sira, D., & Rotstein, A. (1995). Physiological characteristics of female 100 metre sprinters of different performance levels. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 35 (3), 169-175.
  27. Michel, S., & Jarver, J. (2002). The start is (almost) everything in sprint performance. Track Coach, 160, 5121.
  28. Mero, A., Kuitunen, S., Harland, M., Kyrolainen, H, & Komi, P. (2006). Effect of muscle-tendon length on joint movement and during sprint starts. Journal of Sport Science, 24 (2), 165-173.
  29. McClements, J., Sanders, L., & Gander. (1996). Kinetic and kinematic factors related to sprint starting as mesaured by Saskatchewan Sprint Start Team. New Studies in Athletics, 11 (2-3), 133-135.
  30. Mero, A., Komi, P.V. i Gregor, R.J. (1992). Biomechanics of sprinting running. Sport medicine. 13 (6), 376 – 392.
  31. Muller, H., & Hommel, H. (1997). Biomehanical Research Project at the VI. World Championship in Athletics, Athens 1997. New Studies in Athletics, 12 (3), 43-73
  32. Paradisis, G., Zacharogiannis, E., Smirniotou, A., Tziortzis, S., & Kritharakis, A. (2006). Correlation of reaction time and performance in 100m sprint running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38 (5), S518.
  33. Pain, M.T.G., & Hibbs, A. (2007). Sprint starts and the minimum auditory reakcion time. Journal of Sport Sciences, 25 (1), 79-86.
  34. Steinbach, Μ., & Tholl, R. (1969). Uber die Reaktionszeit. [About the reaction time. In German.] Die Lehre der Leichtathletik, 20, 33.
  35. Schot, P. K. & Knutzen, K,.M. (1992). A Biomechanical Analysis of Four Sprint Start Positions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63(2), 137– 147.
  36. Stevenson, M. (1997). The sprint start: save as many split-seconds as you can on the start and you‘ll be in pretty good shape at the f inish. Coach and Athletic Director. 66 (8), 18-20.
  37. Susanaka et al. (1998).The 1987 IAF/IAAF Scientific project report:time analyses of the 100 meters events at the II world championship in athletics. New studie in Athletics (3), 61-96
  38. Smajlović, N, & Kozić, V. (2006). Efekti promjene atletskih pravila na vrijeme startne reakcije u sprinterskim disciplinama [Effects of changes in athletic policies at a time starting reaction in sprint events.]HomoSporticus, 9 (2), 21-27.
  39. Tellez, T., & Doolittle, D. (1984). Sprinting from Start to Finish. Track Technique, 88, 2802 – 2805.
  40. Theophilos Pilianidis, T., Kasabalis, A., Mantzouranis, N., & Mavvidis, A. (2012). Vrijeme startne reakcije i rezultat trčanja u sprinterskim disciplinama na olimpijskim igrama [Starting time of the reaction and the result of running in the sprint events at the Olympic Games]Kinesiology, 44 (1), 67-72.
  41. Young W, McLean B, & Ardagna, J. (1995). Relationship between strength qualities and sprinting performance. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 35 (1),13-19.
  42. Wang, J. (2006). Dynamic analysis of velocity of elite world 100m runners. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, 40 (5), 89-92.
  43. http://www.flotrack.org/coverage/248216-2012-London-Olympics-Games-XXX-S...
  44. http://www.olympic.org/olympic-results/london-2012/athletics/100m-m?even...
  45. http://london2012.nytimes.com/track-and-field/mens-100m#preliminaries